锐齿栎、油松茎流养分输入和树干基部土壤特性初步研究

研究了锐齿栎、油松茎流化学性质及其树干基部土壤特性,结果表明：油松茎流的ｐＨ值为４．９７,呈酸性;锐齿栎茎流ｐＨ值为６．６０,呈微酸性;茎流中无机态化学物质的总质量浓度油松为３３．４８８ｍｇ／ｋｇ,锐齿栎为２６．１０５３ｍｇ／ｋｇ,其中Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｎａ、Ｍｇ、ＮＨ＋４－Ｎ５种元素浓度占总浓度的９７％以上,构成了茎流无机态化学物质的主体;树干基部土壤由于受茎流的影响,其ｐＨ值,油松为５．７,比土体低０．５,锐齿栎为５．９,比土体则高０．３;全氮、水解氮和速效钾含量均高于土体,而全磷和速效磷则与土体差异不大;土壤酶活性,两个树种均是树干基部土壤高于土体,特别是脲酶活性油松干基比土体高７１６．６７％;锐齿栎高２９７．６２％,反映出树干基部土壤氮素供应状况较好     

箭胡毛杨良种采穗圃营建技术与产穗量的相关分析

箭胡毛杨为杨树新培育品种,在其良种繁育中,采穗圃建设是重要环节。通过对４种不同采穗母株的作业方式和４种不同定植密度处理与母株产穗量的分析,探明了箭胡毛杨良种采穗圃营建的主要技术问题。结果表明,５、１０、１５、２０ ｃｍ ４种母株截干作业对穗条的生产量影响差异性显者;３０ ｃｍ × ４０ ｃｍ、 ４０ ｃｍ × ５０ ｃｍ、 ４０ ｃｍ × ６０ ｃｍ、 ５０ ｃｍ × ６０ ｃｍ ４种密度处理对有效穗条的生产量影响差异性显著; ５ ｃｍ与１０ ｃｍ截干作业处理之间对有效穗条产量影响差异性不显著;５、１０、１５ｃｍ处理之间对总穗条产量影响差异性不显著; ４０ｃｍ×５０ｃｍ、４０ｃｍ×６０ｃｍ、 ５０ｃｍ×６０ ｃｍ密度处理之间对有效稳条产量影响差异性不显著;采穗母株作业方式与定植密度间存在互作效应; ４０ ｃｍ× ５０ ｃｍ株行距配合 ５～ １０ ｃｍ截干作业方式可提高苗圃单位面积的穗条产量。     

蒸汽爆破对烟梗色度及内在品质的影响

【目的】探索蒸汽爆破条件对烟梗品质的影响,以提高烟梗在卷烟生产中的可用性。【方法】以制丝线上膨胀前烟梗（汽梗）为研究对象,设定维压压力为0.8,1.0和1.2 MPa,保持时间为30,60,和90 s,采用两因素三水平完全试验设计进行蒸汽爆破处理,测定蒸汽爆破处理（T1~T9）后烟梗的常规化学成分、总细胞壁物质、致香物质含量,检测烟梗色度和膨胀度,分析不同汽爆条件对烟梗色度和内在品质的影响。【结果】经蒸汽爆破处理后,烟梗还原糖和总糖含量降低,而烟碱含量增加,其中T5、T6处理烟梗的糖碱比和两糖比接近于优质烤烟质量,氮碱比相对较低,含氮化合物转化及化学协调性较好,其果胶质含量较汽梗分别降低7.71%和14.59%,半纤维素含量较汽梗分别降低23.95%和18.46%,总细胞壁物质和木质素含量相对较低。与汽梗相比,蒸汽爆破后烟梗的亮度（L）、黄度（b）明显降低,红度（a）和色差值（ΔE）均显著增加,饱和度（C）总体降低,其中T1、T3、T4、T5、T7处理烟梗色度同烟叶较为接近;蒸汽爆破后烟梗芳香族氨基酸降解产物、西柏烷类降解产物和类胡萝卜素降解产物显著降低,而美拉德反应物、叶绿素降解产物和中性致香成分总量明显升高,其中T5处理烟梗致香物质总量最高,促进了美拉德反应物的产生,烟梗膨胀度较高（达到153.02%）,膨胀效果较好。相关性分析表明,蒸汽爆破维压压力和维压持续时间与烟梗主要内在品质具有显著相关性,色度与部分化学品质具有显著相关性。【结论】蒸汽爆破维压压力为1.0 MPa,维压时间为60 s时,烟梗膨胀度达到153.02%,汽爆后烟梗的色度和内在品质相对较好。     

天山云杉林分树高测定的灰色动态模型

本文据根天山云杉林分树干解析资料,应用灰色系统理论建模方法,依树高和胸径的定期生长量随时间的增长而变化的数据序列,建立了测定树高的GM(1,2)灰色动态模型,求得模型计算值,进而以模型计算值作为蓄积量测定的要素之一,参予了林分蓄积量计算,并与实测值分别进行了对照检验,结果表明:所建模型拟合效果较好,其树高和蓄积量计算值,具有较高的精度。     

朝阳地区杨树二元立木材积表的编制

杨树是朝阳地区的主要用材树种，为准确估测杨树林分的蓄积，需要编制二元立木材积表，通过外业标准地调查，取得1527株样木数据，用1227株建立了元立木材积模型，并用300株进行了适用性检验，结果表明，该材积模型适用于朝阳地区，有精度很高，据此编制了朝阳地区杨树二元立木材积表。     

油茶高干嫁接遮荫材料筛选

为了更好的将高干嫁接技术应用于生产,对嫁接过程中的遮荫材料进行了筛选研究,结果表明：除黑色营养钵外,其余遮荫材料报纸、黄色离型纸、牛皮纸和防水牛皮纸的变型与嫁接芽的死亡极显著相关,遮荫材料是影响嫁接成活的重要因素.所选的5种材料中,防水牛皮纸作为遮荫材料嫁接成活率最高,嫁接120天后芽成活率仍然超过80％,折算嫁接每芽成本为1.69元,其次是牛皮纸,120天后芽成活率超过70％,嫁接每芽成活成本为1.78元,而最低的黑色营养钵120天的嫁接成活率仅为1.11％,折算嫁接每芽成活成本达到113.36元.综合考虑嫁接成活、嫁接成本以及取材的便利,生产中宜选用牛皮纸作为遮荫材料.     

Seed growth of three perennial ryegrass cultivars sown on two dates and treated with trinexapac ethyl straw shortener

First‐year crops of diploid perennial ryegrass (cvs. Meridian, Bronsyn and Grasslands Impact) were sown on 1 April and 14 May 2008. Applications of trinexapac ethyl (TE) plant growth regulator at 0, 200 and 400 g a.i. ha^?1 were used to shorten stems to examine the impact of seed growth. Seed filling followed a consistent sigmoidal growth pattern with a lag phase of 127°C days, and linear duration of 390°C days. Time to 95% of final seed weight was 517°C days. Seed yield increases from TE were from higher numbers of first‐grade seeds m^?2, achieved by a higher rate of seed filling during the linear phase of 0·115 mg per °C day per spike. For all cultivars, the maximum stem dry weight occurred at 310–400°C days post‐anthesis, which suggest the stem was a strong sink. As seeds developed, their demand for assimilate increased and they drew more from the stem. At harvest, stem weights from TE treatments were 25% heavier than at anthesis, while untreated ‘Bronsyn’ and ‘Grasslands Impact’ stems were similar to those at anthesis. Thus, stems treated with TE contributed assimilates to increase seed yield but were still a net sink with assimilates in the stem at harvest. Trinexapac ethyl rate induced an inverse relationship between seed yield and stem height. This showed that competition for assimilate between stems and growing seeds limited the seed yield. Management or genetic factors that reduce stem height are likely to increase seed yields of perennial ryegrass.     

我国玉米茎腐病研究进展

玉米茎腐病是一种世界性土传真菌病害,该病害在我国玉米产区均有发生。近年来,受耕作制度（如保护性耕作、秸秆还田等）的改变和气候变化的影响,生产中使用的高抗茎腐病的玉米品种不多等因素,致使田间病原菌数量增加,我国玉米茎腐病有逐渐加重的趋势。针对玉米茎腐病危害逐年加重的现状,本文系统综述了玉米茎腐病致病菌、发病症状表现、病情分级标准、病害侵染规律、抗性鉴定评价方法等方面的研究进展情况,并提出了玉米茎腐病的防治策略。     

Neuroprotective effect of fasudil combined with bone marrow-derived neural stem cells on mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

AIM: To explore the neuroprotective effect of fasudil combined with bone marrow-derived neural stem cells (BM-NSCs) on the mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice (8~10 weeks old, n=32) were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG_35-55) to establish chronic EAE model. The mice were randomly divided into control (ddH₂O) group, fasudil group, BM-NSCs group, and fasudil+BM-NSCs group. The clinical score and body weight were recorded every other day. The expression of neurotrophic factors was determined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: In comparison with ddH₂O group, fasudil combined with BM-NSCs delayed onset and ameliorated severity of EAE. The numbers of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and ciliary neurotrophic factor positive cells in fasudil group, BM-NSCs group and fasudil+BM-NSCs group were all increased in various extents. In particularly, the expression of these neurotrophic factors in fasudil+BM-NSCs group was significantly higher than that in the mice treated with fasudil or BM-NSCs alone (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Fasudil combined with BM-NSCs promotes the expression of neurotrophic factors and improves microenvironment of central nervous system, thus playing a positive role in neural restoration and regeneration through a synergistic and superimposed effect.     

烟秆生物质炭与化肥配施对植烟土壤有机碳组分及微生物的影响

采用盆栽试验,设置空白对照(CK)、化肥(F)、烟秆生物质炭(B)、烟秆生物质炭配施化肥(BF)4个施肥水平,配施化肥参考烟草专用肥养分配比(N︰P2O5︰K2O=12︰7︰22)与烟秆生物质炭混合施用,探究烟秆生物质炭与化肥配施对植烟土壤有机碳组分及微生物的影响。结果表明：(1)与单施烟秆生物质炭相比,烟秆生物质炭与化肥配施土壤pH显著降低6.59%;土壤有机碳(SOC)和易氧化有机碳(EOC)含量显著增加,但土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量显著降低29.63%,土壤颗粒有机碳(POC)和微生物生物量碳(MBC)影响不显著;(2)与单施化肥相比,烟秆生物质炭与化肥配施使得土壤脱氢酶活性大幅提高近2倍;而与单施烟秆生物质炭相比,土壤蔗糖酶、脱氢酶和过氧化氢酶活性则显著降低;(3)烟秆生物质炭与化肥配施,能够提高土壤细菌群落丰富度及物种多样性;同时,与单施烟秆生物质炭相比,配施化肥使参与土壤有机质分解的土壤绿弯菌门相对丰度提高了16.79%,但土壤细菌α、β多样性显著降低;(4)RDA分析表明,土壤SOC、EOC、POC、MBC是影响土壤有机质分解和参与碳循环细菌分布的主要因素。综上所述,...